Understanding Profit Margins
Profit margin is one of the most important metrics for any business. It shows what percentage of revenue becomes profit after accounting for costs. Understanding both gross and net margins helps you identify where you're making money and where you might be losing it.
Gross Margin vs. Net Margin
- Gross margin: Revenue minus cost of goods sold (COGS). Shows profitability before operating expenses.
- Net margin: Revenue minus ALL expenses (COGS, operating costs, taxes, interest). Shows true profitability.
- Good gross margin: Varies by industry, but typically 30-50% for retail, 60-80% for services
- Good net margin: 10% is considered good, 20% is excellent, 5% or less may indicate problems
Average Profit Margins by Industry
- Software/SaaS: 70-80% gross margin, 15-25% net margin
- Restaurants: 25-35% gross margin, 3-5% net margin
- Retail: 25-50% gross margin, 2-5% net margin
- Consulting: 50-70% gross margin, 10-20% net margin